Equalizers and coequalizers #
This file defines (co)equalizers as special cases of (co)limits.
An equalizer is the categorical generalization of the subobject {a ∈ A | f(a) = g(a)} known
from abelian groups or modules. It is a limit cone over the diagram formed by f
and g
.
A coequalizer is the dual concept.
Main definitions #
WalkingParallelPair
is the indexing category used for (co)equalizer_diagramsparallelPair
is a functor fromWalkingParallelPair
to our categoryC
.- a
fork
is a cone over a parallel pair.- there is really only one interesting morphism in a fork: the arrow from the vertex of the fork
to the domain of f and g. It is called
fork.ι
.
- there is really only one interesting morphism in a fork: the arrow from the vertex of the fork
to the domain of f and g. It is called
- an
equalizer
is now just alimit (parallelPair f g)
Each of these has a dual.
Main statements #
equalizer.ι_mono
states that every equalizer map is a monomorphismisIso_limit_cone_parallelPair_of_self
states that the identity on the domain off
is an equalizer off
andf
.
Implementation notes #
As with the other special shapes in the limits library, all the definitions here are given as
abbreviation
s of the general statements for limits, so all the simp
lemmas and theorems about
general limits can be used.
References #
- [F. Borceux, Handbook of Categorical Algebra 1][borceux-vol1]
The type of objects for the diagram indexing a (co)equalizer.
Instances For
Equations
- CategoryTheory.Limits.instDecidableEqWalkingParallelPair x y = if h : x.toCtorIdx = y.toCtorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯
The type family of morphisms for the diagram indexing a (co)equalizer.
- left: CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelPairHom CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelPair.zero CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelPair.one
- right: CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelPairHom CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelPair.zero CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelPair.one
- id: (X : CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelPair) → CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelPairHom X X
Instances For
Equations
- CategoryTheory.Limits.instDecidableEqWalkingParallelPairHom = CategoryTheory.Limits.decEqWalkingParallelPairHom✝
Satisfying the inhabited linter
Composition of morphisms in the indexing diagram for (co)equalizers.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
- (CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelPairHom.id x✝¹).comp x = x
Instances For
The functor WalkingParallelPair ⥤ WalkingParallelPairᵒᵖ
sending left to left and right to
right.
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- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
The equivalence WalkingParallelPair ⥤ WalkingParallelPairᵒᵖ
sending left to left and right to
right.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
parallelPair f g
is the diagram in C
consisting of the two morphisms f
and g
with
common domain and codomain.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
Every functor indexing a (co)equalizer is naturally isomorphic (actually, equal) to a
parallelPair
Equations
Instances For
Construct a morphism between parallel pairs.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
Construct a natural isomorphism between functors out of the walking parallel pair from its components.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
Construct a natural isomorphism between parallelPair f g
and parallelPair f' g'
given
equalities f = f'
and g = g'
.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
A fork on f
and g
is just a Cone (parallelPair f g)
.
Equations
Instances For
A cofork on f
and g
is just a Cocone (parallelPair f g)
.
Equations
Instances For
A fork t
on the parallel pair f g : X ⟶ Y
consists of two morphisms
t.π.app zero : t.pt ⟶ X
and t.π.app one : t.pt ⟶ Y
. Of these, only the first one is interesting, and we give it the
shorter name Fork.ι t
.
Equations
- t.ι = t.π.app CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelPair.zero
Instances For
A cofork t
on the parallelPair f g : X ⟶ Y
consists of two morphisms
t.ι.app zero : X ⟶ t.pt
and t.ι.app one : Y ⟶ t.pt
. Of these, only the second one is
interesting, and we give it the shorter name Cofork.π t
.
Equations
- t.π = t.ι.app CategoryTheory.Limits.WalkingParallelPair.one
Instances For
A fork on f g : X ⟶ Y
is determined by the morphism ι : P ⟶ X
satisfying ι ≫ f = ι ≫ g
.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
A cofork on f g : X ⟶ Y
is determined by the morphism π : Y ⟶ P
satisfying
f ≫ π = g ≫ π
.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
To check whether two maps are equalized by both maps of a fork, it suffices to check it for the first map
To check whether two maps are coequalized by both maps of a cofork, it suffices to check it for the second map
If s
is a limit fork over f
and g
, then a morphism k : W ⟶ X
satisfying
k ≫ f = k ≫ g
induces a morphism l : W ⟶ s.pt
such that l ≫ fork.ι s = k
.
Equations
- CategoryTheory.Limits.Fork.IsLimit.lift hs k h = hs.lift (CategoryTheory.Limits.Fork.ofι k h)
Instances For
If s
is a limit fork over f
and g
, then a morphism k : W ⟶ X
satisfying
k ≫ f = k ≫ g
induces a morphism l : W ⟶ s.pt
such that l ≫ fork.ι s = k
.
Equations
- CategoryTheory.Limits.Fork.IsLimit.lift' hs k h = ⟨CategoryTheory.Limits.Fork.IsLimit.lift hs k h, ⋯⟩
Instances For
If s
is a colimit cofork over f
and g
, then a morphism k : Y ⟶ W
satisfying
f ≫ k = g ≫ k
induces a morphism l : s.pt ⟶ W
such that cofork.π s ≫ l = k
.
Equations
- CategoryTheory.Limits.Cofork.IsColimit.desc hs k h = hs.desc (CategoryTheory.Limits.Cofork.ofπ k h)
Instances For
If s
is a colimit cofork over f
and g
, then a morphism k : Y ⟶ W
satisfying
f ≫ k = g ≫ k
induces a morphism l : s.pt ⟶ W
such that cofork.π s ≫ l = k
.
Equations
Instances For
This is a slightly more convenient method to verify that a fork is a limit cone. It only asks for a proof of facts that carry any mathematical content
Equations
- CategoryTheory.Limits.Fork.IsLimit.mk t lift fac uniq = { lift := lift, fac := ⋯, uniq := ⋯ }
Instances For
This is another convenient method to verify that a fork is a limit cone. It
only asks for a proof of facts that carry any mathematical content, and allows access to the
same s
for all parts.
Equations
- CategoryTheory.Limits.Fork.IsLimit.mk' t create = CategoryTheory.Limits.Fork.IsLimit.mk t (fun (s : CategoryTheory.Limits.Fork f g) => ↑(create s)) ⋯ ⋯
Instances For
This is a slightly more convenient method to verify that a cofork is a colimit cocone. It only asks for a proof of facts that carry any mathematical content
Equations
- CategoryTheory.Limits.Cofork.IsColimit.mk t desc fac uniq = { desc := desc, fac := ⋯, uniq := ⋯ }
Instances For
This is another convenient method to verify that a fork is a limit cone. It
only asks for a proof of facts that carry any mathematical content, and allows access to the
same s
for all parts.
Equations
- CategoryTheory.Limits.Cofork.IsColimit.mk' t create = CategoryTheory.Limits.Cofork.IsColimit.mk t (fun (s : CategoryTheory.Limits.Cofork f g) => ↑(create s)) ⋯ ⋯
Instances For
Noncomputably make a limit cone from the existence of unique factorizations.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
Noncomputably make a colimit cocone from the existence of unique factorizations.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
Given a limit cone for the pair f g : X ⟶ Y
, for any Z
, morphisms from Z
to its point are in
bijection with morphisms h : Z ⟶ X
such that h ≫ f = h ≫ g
.
Further, this bijection is natural in Z
: see Fork.IsLimit.homIso_natural
.
This is a special case of IsLimit.homIso'
, often useful to construct adjunctions.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
The bijection of Fork.IsLimit.homIso
is natural in Z
.
Given a colimit cocone for the pair f g : X ⟶ Y
, for any Z
, morphisms from the cocone point
to Z
are in bijection with morphisms h : Y ⟶ Z
such that f ≫ h = g ≫ h
.
Further, this bijection is natural in Z
: see Cofork.IsColimit.homIso_natural
.
This is a special case of IsColimit.homIso'
, often useful to construct adjunctions.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
The bijection of Cofork.IsColimit.homIso
is natural in Z
.
This is a helper construction that can be useful when verifying that a category has all
equalizers. Given F : WalkingParallelPair ⥤ C
, which is really the same as
parallelPair (F.map left) (F.map right)
, and a fork on F.map left
and F.map right
,
we get a cone on F
.
If you're thinking about using this, have a look at hasEqualizers_of_hasLimit_parallelPair
,
which you may find to be an easier way of achieving your goal.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
This is a helper construction that can be useful when verifying that a category has all
coequalizers. Given F : WalkingParallelPair ⥤ C
, which is really the same as
parallelPair (F.map left) (F.map right)
, and a cofork on F.map left
and F.map right
,
we get a cocone on F
.
If you're thinking about using this, have a look at
hasCoequalizers_of_hasColimit_parallelPair
, which you may find to be an easier way of
achieving your goal.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
Given F : WalkingParallelPair ⥤ C
, which is really the same as
parallelPair (F.map left) (F.map right)
and a cone on F
, we get a fork on
F.map left
and F.map right
.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
Given F : WalkingParallelPair ⥤ C
, which is really the same as
parallelPair (F.map left) (F.map right)
and a cocone on F
, we get a cofork on
F.map left
and F.map right
.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
Helper function for constructing morphisms between equalizer forks.
Equations
- CategoryTheory.Limits.Fork.mkHom k w = { hom := k, w := ⋯ }
Instances For
To construct an isomorphism between forks,
it suffices to give an isomorphism between the cone points
and check that it commutes with the ι
morphisms.
Equations
- CategoryTheory.Limits.Fork.ext i w = { hom := CategoryTheory.Limits.Fork.mkHom i.hom w, inv := CategoryTheory.Limits.Fork.mkHom i.inv ⋯, hom_inv_id := ⋯, inv_hom_id := ⋯ }
Instances For
Two forks of the form ofι
are isomorphic whenever their ι
's are equal.
Equations
Instances For
Every fork is isomorphic to one of the form Fork.of_ι _ _
.
Equations
- c.isoForkOfι = CategoryTheory.Limits.Fork.ext (id (CategoryTheory.Iso.refl c.pt)) ⋯
Instances For
Given two forks with isomorphic components in such a way that the natural diagrams commute, then if one is a limit, then the other one is as well.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
Helper function for constructing morphisms between coequalizer coforks.
Equations
- CategoryTheory.Limits.Cofork.mkHom k w = { hom := k, w := ⋯ }
Instances For
To construct an isomorphism between coforks,
it suffices to give an isomorphism between the cocone points
and check that it commutes with the π
morphisms.
Equations
- CategoryTheory.Limits.Cofork.ext i w = { hom := CategoryTheory.Limits.Cofork.mkHom i.hom w, inv := CategoryTheory.Limits.Cofork.mkHom i.inv ⋯, hom_inv_id := ⋯, inv_hom_id := ⋯ }
Instances For
Every cofork is isomorphic to one of the form Cofork.ofπ _ _
.
Equations
- c.isoCoforkOfπ = CategoryTheory.Limits.Cofork.ext (id (CategoryTheory.Iso.refl c.pt)) ⋯
Instances For
HasEqualizer f g
represents a particular choice of limiting cone
for the parallel pair of morphisms f
and g
.
Equations
Instances For
If an equalizer of f
and g
exists, we can access an arbitrary choice of such by
saying equalizer f g
.
Equations
Instances For
If an equalizer of f
and g
exists, we can access the inclusion
equalizer f g ⟶ X
by saying equalizer.ι f g
.
Equations
Instances For
An equalizer cone for a parallel pair f
and g
Equations
Instances For
The equalizer built from equalizer.ι f g
is limiting.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
A morphism k : W ⟶ X
satisfying k ≫ f = k ≫ g
factors through the equalizer of f
and g
via equalizer.lift : W ⟶ equalizer f g
.
Equations
Instances For
A morphism k : W ⟶ X
satisfying k ≫ f = k ≫ g
induces a morphism l : W ⟶ equalizer f g
satisfying l ≫ equalizer.ι f g = k
.
Equations
Instances For
Two maps into an equalizer are equal if they are equal when composed with the equalizer map.
An equalizer morphism is a monomorphism
Equations
- ⋯ = ⋯
The equalizer morphism in any limit cone is a monomorphism.
The identity determines a cone on the equalizer diagram of f
and g
if f = g
.
Equations
Instances For
The identity on X
is an equalizer of (f, g)
, if f = g
.
Equations
- CategoryTheory.Limits.isLimitIdFork h = CategoryTheory.Limits.Fork.IsLimit.mk (CategoryTheory.Limits.idFork h) (fun (s : CategoryTheory.Limits.Fork f g) => s.ι) ⋯ ⋯
Instances For
Every equalizer of (f, g)
, where f = g
, is an isomorphism.
The equalizer of (f, g)
, where f = g
, is an isomorphism.
Every equalizer of (f, f)
is an isomorphism.
An equalizer that is an epimorphism is an isomorphism.
Two morphisms are equal if there is a fork whose inclusion is epi.
If the equalizer of two morphisms is an epimorphism, then the two morphisms are equal.
Equations
- ⋯ = ⋯
The equalizer inclusion for (f, f)
is an isomorphism.
Equations
- ⋯ = ⋯
The equalizer of a morphism with itself is isomorphic to the source.
Equations
Instances For
HasCoequalizer f g
represents a particular choice of colimiting cocone
for the parallel pair of morphisms f
and g
.
Equations
Instances For
If a coequalizer of f
and g
exists, we can access an arbitrary choice of such by
saying coequalizer f g
.
Equations
Instances For
If a coequalizer of f
and g
exists, we can access the corresponding projection by
saying coequalizer.π f g
.
Equations
Instances For
An arbitrary choice of coequalizer cocone for a parallel pair f
and g
.
Equations
Instances For
The cofork built from coequalizer.π f g
is colimiting.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
Any morphism k : Y ⟶ W
satisfying f ≫ k = g ≫ k
factors through the coequalizer of f
and g
via coequalizer.desc : coequalizer f g ⟶ W
.
Equations
Instances For
Any morphism k : Y ⟶ W
satisfying f ≫ k = g ≫ k
induces a morphism
l : coequalizer f g ⟶ W
satisfying coequalizer.π ≫ g = l
.
Equations
Instances For
Two maps from a coequalizer are equal if they are equal when composed with the coequalizer map
A coequalizer morphism is an epimorphism
Equations
- ⋯ = ⋯
The coequalizer morphism in any colimit cocone is an epimorphism.
The identity determines a cocone on the coequalizer diagram of f
and g
, if f = g
.
Equations
Instances For
The identity on Y
is a coequalizer of (f, g)
, where f = g
.
Equations
- CategoryTheory.Limits.isColimitIdCofork h = CategoryTheory.Limits.Cofork.IsColimit.mk (CategoryTheory.Limits.idCofork h) (fun (s : CategoryTheory.Limits.Cofork f g) => s.π) ⋯ ⋯
Instances For
Every coequalizer of (f, g)
, where f = g
, is an isomorphism.
The coequalizer of (f, g)
, where f = g
, is an isomorphism.
Every coequalizer of (f, f)
is an isomorphism.
A coequalizer that is a monomorphism is an isomorphism.
Two morphisms are equal if there is a cofork whose projection is mono.
If the coequalizer of two morphisms is a monomorphism, then the two morphisms are equal.
Equations
- ⋯ = ⋯
The coequalizer projection for (f, f)
is an isomorphism.
Equations
- ⋯ = ⋯
The coequalizer of a morphism with itself is isomorphic to the target.
Equations
Instances For
The comparison morphism for the equalizer of f,g
.
This is an isomorphism iff G
preserves the equalizer of f,g
; see
CategoryTheory/Limits/Preserves/Shapes/Equalizers.lean
Equations
Instances For
The comparison morphism for the coequalizer of f,g
.
Equations
Instances For
HasEqualizers
represents a choice of equalizer for every pair of morphisms
Equations
Instances For
HasCoequalizers
represents a choice of coequalizer for every pair of morphisms
Equations
Instances For
If C
has all limits of diagrams parallelPair f g
, then it has all equalizers
If C
has all colimits of diagrams parallelPair f g
, then it has all coequalizers
A split mono f
equalizes (retraction f ≫ f)
and (𝟙 Y)
.
Here we build the cone, and show in isSplitMonoEqualizes
that it is a limit cone.
Instances For
A split mono f
equalizes (retraction f ≫ f)
and (𝟙 Y)
.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
We show that the converse to isSplitMonoEqualizes
is true:
Whenever f
equalizes (r ≫ f)
and (𝟙 Y)
, then r
is a retraction of f
.
Equations
- CategoryTheory.Limits.splitMonoOfEqualizer C hr h = { retraction := r, id := ⋯ }
Instances For
The fork obtained by postcomposing an equalizer fork with a monomorphism is an equalizer.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
An equalizer of an idempotent morphism and the identity is split mono.
Equations
- CategoryTheory.Limits.splitMonoOfIdempotentOfIsLimitFork C hf i = { retraction := i.lift (CategoryTheory.Limits.Fork.ofι f ⋯), id := ⋯ }
Instances For
The equalizer of an idempotent morphism and the identity is split mono.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
A split epi f
coequalizes (f ≫ section_ f)
and (𝟙 X)
.
Here we build the cocone, and show in isSplitEpiCoequalizes
that it is a colimit cocone.
Instances For
A split epi f
coequalizes (f ≫ section_ f)
and (𝟙 X)
.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
We show that the converse to isSplitEpiEqualizes
is true:
Whenever f
coequalizes (f ≫ s)
and (𝟙 X)
, then s
is a section of f
.
Equations
- CategoryTheory.Limits.splitEpiOfCoequalizer C hs h = { section_ := s, id := ⋯ }
Instances For
The cofork obtained by precomposing a coequalizer cofork with an epimorphism is a coequalizer.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
A coequalizer of an idempotent morphism and the identity is split epi.
Equations
- CategoryTheory.Limits.splitEpiOfIdempotentOfIsColimitCofork C hf i = { section_ := i.desc (CategoryTheory.Limits.Cofork.ofπ f ⋯), id := ⋯ }
Instances For
The coequalizer of an idempotent morphism and the identity is split epi.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.